
赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛(英语:Heard Island and McDonald Islands,:HIMI),无人居住的荒岛,1947年起纳入,1997年获选为()。赫德岛以南约1600公里达边沿;除去南极洲和小于1000平公方公里的岛屿不算,赫德岛方圆3700公里内都是海洋,不见。赫德岛80%的陆地都为冰川覆盖,岛上拥有比较稀少. . The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI; region code: HMD, HM, 334; ) is an Australian comprising a of mostly barren islands, about two-thirds of the way from to . The group's overall land area is 372 km (144 sq mi) and it has 101.9 km (63 mi) of coastline. Discovered in the mid-19th century, t. [pdf]
The islands are a territory (Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands) of Australia administered from Hobart by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.
The group's overall land area is 372 km 2 (144 sq mi) and it has 101.9 km (63 mi) of coastline. Discovered in the mid-19th century, the islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean and have been an Australian territory since 1947. Heard Island and McDonald Islands contain Australia's only two active volcanoes.
Heard Island and the McDonald Islands have no ports or harbours; ships must anchor offshore. The coastline is 101.9 km (63.3 mi) in extent, and a 12 nmi (22 km) territorial sea and 200 nmi (370 km) exclusive fishing zone are claimed. [ 2 ]
The fauna of the freshwater pools, lakes, streams and mires found in the coastal areas of Heard Island are broadly similar to those on other subantarctic islands of the southern Indian Ocean. Many species reported from Heard Island are found elsewhere.
Heard Island supports a relatively low number of terrestrial invertebrate species compared to other Southern Ocean islands, in parallel with the low species richness in the flora–that is, the island's isolation and limited ice-free area.
His wife Fidelia Heard provided the first written description and drawings of the island. [ 12 ][ 13 ] William McDonald aboard the Samarang discovered the nearby McDonald Islands six weeks later, on 4 January 1854. [ 11 ]

The 2023-2024 Ecuador electricity crisis was caused by a severe that depleted water levels at plants and a lack of capacity buildup. experienced for up to 14 hours per day in the fall crisis (started on 23 September 2024 ) of 2024. Researches describe fall 2023 (27 October–18 December 2023) and spring 2024 (16–30 April 2024) crises as separate events. The had announced on 10 December, 202. [pdf]
This becomes an important strategic component within the Ecuadorian electricity production system. However, analyzed source by source, the greatest contribution is hydroelectric with 5064.16 MW of effective power of the total of 5254.95 MW, which implies 96.36% of the total renewable energy.
In 2021, hydropower produced 79% of Ecuador’s electricity, and fossil fuels produced less than 20%. Ecuador’s mountainous terrain and numerous rivers are conducive for hydropower. The Coca Codo Sinclair Hydroelectric Plant, located on the Coca River, is Ecuador's largest hydroelectric facility with 1,500 megawatts (MW) of capacity.
Ecuador’s mountainous terrain and numerous rivers are conducive for hydropower. The Coca Codo Sinclair Hydroelectric Plant, located on the Coca River, is Ecuador's largest hydroelectric facility with 1,500 megawatts (MW) of capacity. The plant went into full operation in 2016 and is critical to meeting the country's electricity demand.
Includes a market overview and trade data. Ecuador is undergoing massive change in the energy sector. The country is moving from a heavy reliance on fossil fuels to nearly complete self-sufficiency through renewable energies – particularly hydroelectric power.
The latest report from the Agency of Electricity Regulation and Control (Agencia de Regulación y Control de Electricidad, ARCONEL) indicates that the current PV energy capacity in Ecuador is 27.63 MW . This number represents approximately 0.32% of the effective power produced by renewable and nonrenewable sources.
In Ecuador, biomass is primarily produced from sugar cane, African palm, and rice husks. Ecuador’s government released the Electricity Master Plan 2019, which outlines a series of planned projects to meet the country's electricity demand and encourage private investment. In 2021, Ecuador had 5.3 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity.

The 2023-2024 Ecuador electricity crisis was caused by a severe that depleted water levels at plants and a lack of capacity buildup. experienced for up to 14 hours per day in the fall crisis (started on 23 September 2024 ) of 2024. Researches describe fall 2023 (27 October–18 December 2023) and spring 2024 (16–30 April 2024) crises as separate events. The had announced on 10 December, 202. [pdf]
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